![]() This bacterium is able to withstand many intracanal medications and also represents an important microorganism in the biofilm development, even though some articles suggest that calcium hydroxide is able to kill it.ĭuring the cleaning and shaping phases of an endodontic treatment, it is possible to distinguish chemical and mechanical cleansing. Primary infections of the endodontic space are mainly caused by obligate anaerobic species, while the most responsible one for endodontic failure is Enterococcus faecalis. It has been shown that endodontic lesions do not develop in the absence of bacteria. The removal of both necrotic and vital pulp substrates and microorganisms and their toxins from the root canal system is the basis for a successful endodontic treatment. In this narrative review, we describe the different features of many irrigant solutions and the different ways of upgrading their efficacy in the cleaning of a root canal system, with the use of tables to summarize the entire description, and drawing the readers’ attention to a photographic illustration for a better understanding of the topic. Each one of this technique faces some disadvantages, just as the vapor lock effect and the apical extrusion, and has a different action on features such as the reaction rate and the shear stress of an endodontic irrigant solution. Putting them inside of a canal is mostly done using a normal syringe, but many techniques have been involved in this process, including the use of sonic/ultrasonic instruments, the use of shaping files, and even laser, to increase the efficacy of irrigant solutions, especially of NaOCl one. All over the years, many materials have been used to clean the root canal of a tooth, and certainly, the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions are the most used and most reliable ones. While most of the attention is paid to the mechanical aspects of a root canal treatment, an essential feature of it is the irrigation. ![]() Shaping and cleaning a root canal system along with the preservation of the surrounding periodontal tissues are the principal goals of an endodontic treatment.
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